Some people seem to be irrational almost ALL of the time. Even
people who are EXTREMELY rational SOME of the time are still
irrational MUCH of the time.
I am no exception. I have to admit I often buy groceries based on
which packaging appeals to me more. I'll buy something with a picture
of a tiger on it, or a tree; before something with a kitten, or a
flower. That's not very rational but that's what I do in the absence
of other, overriding information.
In a way we have to do this. We don't have time in life to think
hard and deep and do detailed research and analysis every time we
make a decision.
So on minor decisions, go ahead and revel in your irrationality
and go with your instincts or feelings and do what you want and don't
worry about it.
Most people would agree, though, that on very serious decisions,
with potentially serious consequences, we should be more careful in
our decision making; we should be more rational.
A presidential election is very serious and certainly if we ever
need to be rational it is when deciding who to vote into the White
House. But how do we know if we are being rational? Maybe I don't
like Trump because he wears his ties too long, or because his hair
is... well... like THAT, or because a teacher criticized me in 2nd
grade and Trump's nose reminds me of that teacher. Maybe one of these
possibilities is the REAL reason I dislike Trump and maybe all my
rational sounding explanations and arguments are just excuses and
covers for that REAL reason.
Now first I want to say that I am being very serious here. I am
not making up ridiculous examples. I think many important decisions
in life are based on subtle, almost subconscious, reasons just like
these.
I have noticed many times that if someone says I believe in A
because of reason X and then you disprove X the person will say oh
wait, the real reason I believe in A is because of Y, and then if you
disprove Y the person will say oh wait, the real reason I believe in
A is because of Z.... And so on.
The truth is they may not even know
WHY they believe in A. They just believe in A for SOME reason but all
the stated reasons are not the real reason, they are excuses or
covers for the real reason.
A person might say they have three reasons any one of which
justifies belief in A. That's fine. But if we disprove all three of
those reasons and then they shift to other reasons we are in the same
position we described in the preceding paragraph. It seems the person
we are talking to is not giving us REAL reasons.
Sometimes these people may actually know the real reason they
believe in A and not want to say it. Maybe it is embarrassing or
socially unacceptable in some way. But at other times I think these
people really DO NOT KNOW why they believe A. They just do.
I do not criticize this second group of people. They are following
subconscious urges, as we all do, and trying to provide rational
justification for their beliefs and actions, as we all do. They are
just failing to get at the REAL reason, or even an ADEQUATE reason.
Now we get to the point of this little essay. I oppose Trump very
strongly. It is POSSIBLE that my REAL reasons are buried deep within
my subconscious and I don't even know what they are. It is POSSIBLE
that something about Trump, maybe some gesture he makes, reminds me
of the 4th grade teacher who infuriated me by making me stand in the
corner.
If this is true, if my real opposition to Trump is based on one or
more long-buried memories in my subconscious then I may NEVER know
the REAL reason I oppose Trump. That is a possibility I have to
accept.
But we still have to make decisions in life and in serious cases
we need to be rational so what can we do?
Even if there are cases where we cannot be sure what the REAL
reason is for our beliefs and actions we can still make sure we have
an ADEQUATE reason.
An adequate reason is one that is strong enough to explain our
belief or action, and that rationally justifies our belief or action,
even if the REAL reason is something different that we don't even
know or understand.
An adequate reason is also one that we are willing to apply to
everyone, no matter who they are or what party they belong to or what
our instincts and feelings tell us about them.
Here is an example. Why do I oppose Trump? I will answer in the
form of a syllogism:
No one without government experience should
be president.
Trump has no government experience.
Therefore,
Trump should not be president.
And here is a second argument:
No one who praises dictators
should be president.
Trump praises dictators.
Therefore, Trump
should not be president.
If I say that these are the reasons I oppose Trump then if someone
can disprove them I should stop opposing Trump. If these arguments
are disproved and I stop supporting Trump then I can argue that my
position is rational even if I don't know the REAL or subconscious
motivations behind it.
If someone disproves these reasons and I continue to oppose Trump
then either I am not being rational or, at very least, I have so far
failed to prove my rationality.
One last point – the first line in each of my arguments is
actually a value judgment rather than a statement of fact. Value
judgments cannot be proven either true or false so maybe this is just
another trick to support my irrational choice and prevent anyone from
exposing my irrationality?
In the case of arguments involving value judgments we can
demonstrate we are being rational by using the same standard to judge
everyone. For example, if the Democrats nominate someone in 2020 and
that person has no government experience or praises dictators and if
I, nevertheless, support them, then you will know that my stated
reasons for opposing Trump were neither REAL nor ADEQUATE.
If, on the other hand, I oppose that nominee in 2020 then that
will provide support for the conclusion that my reasons are both
rational and ADEQUATE, whether or not they are REAL which, perhaps
only years of psychotherapy could determine.
***
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Copyright © 2016 by Joseph Wayne Gadway